In Germany, DPAs are investigating a broad range of non-compliance issues and showing a tendency toward increasing their enforcement activities. For example, by the end of 2018, German DPAs issued more than 40 fines, with Hamburg, Bavaria, Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, and Baden-Württemberg receiving the majority of the fines. Imposed fines were given for unsolicited marketing emails; unauthorized video surveillance of customers and employees; publication of health data on the Internet due to inadequate security control measures; disclosure of health data to the wrong patient by a hospital; disclosure of bank account statements to unauthorized persons during online banking; and
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