Digital Rights Ireland has filed a challenge with Europe’s second highest court against the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield scheme. The challenge, which could take a year or more to receive a ruling or could be thrown out as a preliminary matter, claims that the Privacy Shield does not adequately protect the rights of EU citizens. A spokesperson for the European Commission said it is confident that the Privacy Shield will meet the requirements of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The similar Model Clauses also has been challenged, both threatening to not only affect transatlantic relationships, but the global economy, as well.