The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that personal data obtained through direct observation or monitoring — such as body‑worn cameras — is considered collected directly from the data subject under the EU GDPR. This means organizations must meet the Article 13 GDPR transparency obligations at the point of collection, typically via layered notices such as signage and online details. The interpretation also affects other EU data laws using a similar direct‑collection distinction.
